In the UK, students usually start at the age of 5 and enter the first year of school. Primary school is made up of 6 years. Students then go on to secondary school, where they end with their GCSE exams. Each subject is assessed separately by a series of exams leading to GCSEs or international GCSEs. 
Students can then choose to go on to college, where they choose 3 subjects (sometimes 4), which are also assessed separately and form the basis of entry to university and other courses.
Colleges often also offer other qualifications, leading to students gaining employment and apprenticeships.